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The first official definition of Smart Grid was provided by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA-2007), which was approved by the US Congress in January 2007, and signed to law by President George W. Bush in December 2007. Title XIII of this bill provides a description, with ten characteristics, that can be considered a ...
In August 2011, the journal's "Protecting Smart Grid Automation Systems Against Cyberattacks," authored by IEEE members Dong Wei and Yan Lu became the three millionth document in IEEE Xplore, IEEE's extensive digital library. [38] Mohammad Shahidehpour is the current Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. [37]
Batteries are increasingly being deployed for storage [41] and grid ancillary services [42] and for domestic storage. [43] Green hydrogen is a more economical means of long-term renewable energy storage, in terms of capital expenditures compared to pumped hydroelectric or batteries.
According to David K. Owens, the former executive vice president of the Edison Electric Institute, two key elements that a smart city must have are an integrated communications platform and a "dynamic resilient grid." [83] Smart grids are an important technology in smart cities. The improved flexibility of the smart grid permits greater ...
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The purpose of the Smart Grid task force is to undertake research and development about the smart grid, developing relevant standards and protocols, defining the relationship between smart grid technologies and practices and current electric utility regulation, as well as researching the development of smart grid infrastructure. [14]
In addition to that, Smart Grids are declared to be one measure to reduce CO 2 emissions. There are currently 24 Projects run by private companies around the Smart Grid technology supported by the Austrian Klimafonds and FFG, [5] that are being concluded in the years 2011 and 2012 and have a total volume of €10.3 Mio.
A smart grid differs from a conventional power grid in that it includes a system of information and communication technologies to bidirectionally transmit and distribute electricity more efficiently and reliably. Additionally, this technology allows consumers to manage their power usage and make choices for economically efficient products and ...