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Throughout history, peoples on the territory of modern Kazakhstan had nomadic lifestyle, which developed and influenced Kazakh culture. Human activity in the region began with the extinct Pithecanthropus and Sinanthropus one million–800,000 years ago in the Karatau Mountains and the Caspian and Balkhash areas.
Islam is the largest religion in Kazakhstan, followed by Russian Orthodox Christianity.Approximately 70% of the population is Muslim. [2] The majority are Sunni of the Hanafi school, including ethnic Kazakhs, who constitute about 60% of the population, as well as by ethnic Uzbeks, Uighurs, and Tatars. [3]
After the administrative reform in 1997, the last change happened since then took place in 1999, when parts of North Kazakhstan that originally belonged to Kokshetau region became part of Akmola. The 1990s merges were in order to dilute the Russian population in the resulting region and to avoid having regions where Russians form a majority.
Rank Region HDI (2022) Very high human development 1: Almaty: 0.831 2: Karaganda Region: 0.823 3: Akmola Region, Kostanay Region, Pavlodar Region, North Kazakhstan Region: 0.816 – Kazakhstan
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Atyrau (UK: / ˌ æ t ɪ ˈ r aʊ,-ˈ r ɔː /, US: / ˌ ɑː t ɪ ˈ r aʊ,-ˈ r ɔː /; Kazakh: Атырау, pronounced [ɑtəˈrɑw] ⓘ; Russian: Атырау), known until 1991 as Guryev (Russian: Гурьев), is a city in Kazakhstan and the capital of Atyrau Region.
Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion, followed by Orthodox Christianity . The official language is Kazakh , though Russian is still commonly and most widely used for everyday communication.
Kazakhstan, [d] officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, [e] is a landlocked country primarily in Central Asia, with a small portion situated in Eastern Europe. [f] It borders Russia to the north and west, China to the east, Kyrgyzstan to the southeast, Uzbekistan to the south, and Turkmenistan to the southwest, with a coastline along the Caspian Sea.