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Magnetometers for non-space use evolved from the 19th to mid-20th centuries, and were first employed in spaceflight by Sputnik 3 in 1958. A main constraint on magnetometers in space is the availability of power and mass. Magnetometers fall into 3 major categories: the fluxgate type, search coil and the ionized vapor magnetometers.
The fluxgate magnetometer (FGM) is similar to previous instruments flown on spacecraft like the Voyagers, Magsat, Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers, Mars Global Surveyor, etc. [10] This style of FGM uses twin wide-range, triaxial flux gate sensors mounted far away from the spacecraft body in which the magnetic flux is periodically switched (hence the ame flux-gate). [10]
Scalar magnetometers measure the total strength of the magnetic field to which they are subjected, but not its direction; Vector magnetometers have the capability to measure the component of the magnetic field in a particular direction, relative to the spatial orientation of the device. A vector is a mathematical entity with both magnitude and ...
The Spacecraft Magnetic Test Facility is located about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of the main campus of the Goddard Space Flight Center, in Building 310-20 on the north side of Good Luck Road. The building is a single-story structure, 60 feet (18 m) square, and is built entirely out of nonmagnetic materials.
The Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) Mission is a NASA robotic space mission to study the Earth's magnetosphere, using four identical spacecraft flying in a tetrahedral formation. [1] The spacecraft were launched on 13 March 2015 at 02:44 UTC . [ 2 ]
The magnetic anomaly from a submarine is usually very small. One source estimates that it is only about 0.2 nT at a distance of 600 m. [5] Another source estimates that a 100 m long and 10 m wide submarine would produce a magnetic flux of 13.33 nT at 500 m, 1.65 nT at 1 km and 0.01 nT at 5 km. [6] To reduce interference from electrical equipment or metal in the fuselage of the aircraft, the ...
Explorer 10 was a cylindrical, battery-powered spacecraft instrumented with two fluxgate magnetometers and one rubidium vapor magnetometer extending from the main spacecraft body, and a Faraday cup plasma probe. The magnetometers were produced by Goddard Space Flight Center, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) provided the ...
The Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM) was a lunar science experiment with the aim of providing insights into the interior of the Moon and how its latent magnetic field interacts with the solar wind.