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The Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic group of people who lived in the Phoenician city-states along a coastal strip in the Levant region of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily modern Lebanon. [5] They developed a maritime civilization which expanded and contracted throughout history, with the core of their culture stretching from Arwad in ...
Knowledge of the Phoenicians at this time was confined to the ancient Greco-Roman sources. Scholarly interest increased in 1758, when Jean-Jacques Barthélémy deciphered the Phoenician alphabet , [ 8 ] and the number of known Phoenician inscriptions began to increase – the 1694 publication of the Cippi of Melqart was the first Phoenician ...
The temple complex of Roman Heliopolis (now Baalbek). Phoenicia under Roman rule describes the Phoenician city states (in the area of modern Lebanon, coastal Syria, the northern part of Galilee, Acre and the Northern Coastal Plain) ruled by Rome from 64 BCE to the Muslim conquests of the 7th century.
Since Nabonidus (King of Babylon from 556 BC) had sent troops to aid the Lydians and Greeks, the Persians then marched against Babylon and took the city in 539 BC, and the lands of the Babylonian Empire, including Phoenicia, passed into Persian hands.
Phoenician inscriptions were found at Karatepe in Cilicia. [7] Bunsen and Sayce [ 8 ] have seemed to agree with Josephus, but the Phoenicians were active in many regions where metals were available, and classical authors, some biblical authors, and certainly the Nora Stone that mentions Tarshish generally place Phoenician expansion aimed at ...
Roman writings about the Punic Wars describe the core of the military, including its commanders and officers, as being made up of "Liby-Phoenicians", a broad label that included ethnic Phoenicians, those of mixed Punic-North African descent, and Libyans who had integrated into Phoenician culture. [159]
Babylonia (/ ˌ b æ b ɪ ˈ l oʊ n i ə /; Akkadian: 𒆳𒆍𒀭𒊏𒆠, māt Akkadī) was an ancient Akkadian-speaking state and cultural area based in the city of Babylon in central-southern Mesopotamia (present-day Iraq and parts of Kuwait, Syria and Iran).
The Phoenicians established colonies and trading posts across the Mediterranean; Carthage, a settlement in northwest Africa, became a major civilization in its own right in the seventh century BC. The Phoenicians were organized in city-states, similar to those of ancient Greece, of which the most notable were Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos. Each city ...