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Air pollution can cause diseases, allergies, and even death; it can also cause harm to animals and crops and damage the natural environment (for example, climate change, ozone depletion or habitat degradation) or built environment (for example, acid rain). [3] Air pollution can occur naturally or be caused by human activities. [4]
Shade 1 is slightly grey and is usually categorized by air pollution boards as acceptable. It corresponds to an opacity of 20%. Shades 2, 3, 4 and 5 correspond to opacities of 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% (completely black) and are usually considered to be "black smoke" by air pollution boards of most countries.
A great many computer programs for calculating the dispersion of air pollutant emissions were developed during that period of time and they were called "air dispersion models". The basis for most of those models was the Complete Equation For Gaussian Dispersion Modeling Of Continuous, Buoyant Air Pollution Plumes shown below: [4] [5]
While the effects of air pollution on the respiratory diseases are well understood, air pollution also affects the cardiovascular system at the same level as or higher level than the respiratory system, [37] and the adverse cardiovascular health outcomes in both children and adults are high when exposed to air pollution. Carbon monoxide, oxides ...
[2] [3] It is caused by atmospheric particulate matter, predominantly sulfate aerosols, which are components of air pollution. [4] Global dimming was observed soon after the first systematic measurements of solar irradiance began in the 1950s. This weakening of visible sunlight proceeded at the rate of 4–5% per decade until the 1980s. [1]
NO 2 + O 3 → NO 3 + O 2. During the daytime, NO 3 is quickly photolyzed back to NO 2, but at night it can react with a second NO 2 to form dinitrogen pentoxide. NO 2 + NO 3 (+M) → N 2 O 5 (+M). N 2 O 5 reacts rapidly with liquid water (in aerosol particles or cloud drops, but not in the gas phase) to form HNO 3, N 2 O 5 + H 2 O (liq) → 2 ...
There are five types of air pollution dispersion models, as well as some hybrids of the five types: [1] Box model – The box model is the simplest of the model types. [2] It assumes the airshed (i.e., a given volume of atmospheric air in a geographical region) is in the shape of a box.
This index pays particular attention to people who are sensitive to air pollution. It provides them with advice on how to protect their health during air quality levels associated with low, moderate, high and very high health risks. The AQHI provides a number from 1 to 10+ to indicate the level of health risk associated with local air quality ...