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  2. Glossary of mathematical jargon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    For example, if the variance of a random variable is said to be finite, this implies it is a non-negative real number, possibly zero. In some contexts though, for example in "a small but finite amplitude", zero and infinitesimals are meant to be excluded.

  3. Radix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix

    In a positional numeral system, the radix (pl.: radices) or base is the number of unique digits, including the digit zero, used to represent numbers.For example, for the decimal system (the most common system in use today) the radix is ten, because it uses the ten digits from 0 through 9.

  4. Numeral system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_system

    By using a dot to divide the digits into two groups, one can also write fractions in the positional system. For example, the base 2 numeral 10.11 denotes 1×2 1 + 0×2 0 + 1×2 −1 + 1×2 −2 = 2.75. In general, numbers in the base b system are of the form:

  5. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. Rarely used in modern mathematics without a horizontal bar delimiting the width of its argument (see the next item). For example, √2. √ (radical symbol) 1. Denotes square root and is read as the square root of. For example, +. 2.

  6. Non-integer base of numeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-integer_base_of_numeration

    In other words, the canonical β-expansion of x is defined by choosing the largest d k such that β k d k ≤ x, then choosing the largest d k−1 such that β k d k + β k−1 d k−1 ≤ x, and so on. Thus it chooses the lexicographically largest string representing x. With an integer base, this defines the usual radix expansion for the number x.

  7. Base (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_(geometry)

    The extended base of a triangle (a particular case of an extended side) is the line that contains the base. When the triangle is obtuse and the base is chosen to be one of the sides adjacent to the obtuse angle, then the altitude dropped perpendicularly from the apex to the base intersects the extended base outside of the triangle.

  8. Exponentiation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponentiation

    When an exponent is a positive integer, that exponent indicates how many copies of the base are multiplied together. For example, 3 5 = 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 · 3 = 243. The base 3 appears 5 times in the multiplication, because the exponent is 5. Here, 243 is the 5th power of 3, or 3 raised to the 5th power.

  9. Basis (linear algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basis_(linear_algebra)

    In other words, a basis is a linearly independent spanning set. A vector space can have several bases; however all the bases have the same number of elements, called the dimension of the vector space. This article deals mainly with finite-dimensional vector spaces. However, many of the principles are also valid for infinite-dimensional vector ...