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For points inside a spherically symmetric distribution of matter, Newton's shell theorem can be used to find the gravitational force. The theorem tells us how different parts of the mass distribution affect the gravitational force measured at a point located a distance r 0 from the center of the mass distribution: [13]
The gravity of Earth, denoted by g, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation).
The mass of any of the discs is the mass of the sphere multiplied by the ratio of the volume of an infinitely thin disc divided by the volume of a sphere (with constant radius ). The volume of an infinitely thin disc is π R 2 d x {\displaystyle \pi R^{2}\,dx} , or π ( a 2 − x 2 ) d x {\textstyle \pi \left(a^{2}-x^{2}\right)dx} .
In physics, gravity (from Latin gravitas 'weight' [1]) is a fundamental interaction primarily observed as mutual attraction between all things that have mass.Gravity is, by far, the weakest of the four fundamental interactions, approximately 10 38 times weaker than the strong interaction, 10 36 times weaker than the electromagnetic force and 10 29 times weaker than the weak interaction.
In scientific contexts, mass is the amount of "matter" in an object (though "matter" may be difficult to define), but weight is the force exerted on an object's matter by gravity. [1] At the Earth's surface, an object whose mass is exactly one kilogram weighs approximately 9.81 newtons, the product of its mass and the gravitational field ...
This includes Newton's law of universal gravitation, and the relation between gravitational potential and field acceleration. d 2 R / dt 2 and F / m are both equal to the gravitational acceleration g (equivalent to the inertial acceleration, so same mathematical form, but also defined as gravitational force per unit mass [8 ...
According to general relativity, mass distorts spacetime and gravity is a natural consequence of Newton's First Law. Mass tells spacetime how to bend, and spacetime tells mass how to move. In general relativity gravitational energy is extremely complex, and there is no single agreed upon definition of the concept.
Cavendish's stated aim was the "weighing of Earth", that is, determining the average density of Earth and the Earth's mass. His result, ρ 🜨 = 5.448(33) g⋅cm −3, corresponds to value of G = 6.74(4) × 10 −11 m 3 ⋅kg −1 ⋅s −2. It is surprisingly accurate, about 1% above the modern value (comparable to the claimed relative ...