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Reindeer herding is conducted by individuals within some kind of cooperation, in forms such as families, districts, Sámi and Yakut villages and sovkhozy (collective farms). A person who conducts reindeer herding is called a reindeer herder and approximately 100,000 people [2] are engaged in reindeer herding today around the circumpolar North.
Reindeer herding is of central importance for the local economies of small communities in sparsely populated rural Sápmi. [239] Currently, many reindeer herders are heavily dependent on diesel fuel to provide for electric generators and snowmobile transportation, although solar photovoltaic systems can be used to reduce diesel dependency. [240]
Alaska's reindeer herding industry has been concentrated on Seward Peninsula ever since the first shipment of reindeer was imported from eastern Siberia in 1892 as part of the Reindeer Project, an initiative to replace whale meat in the diet of the indigenous people of the region. [34]
And in Europe, reindeer herding existed up to 3,000 years ago, or more. People have long used reindeer and caribou for meat, as well as clothing, blankets, and tents. Parts of these animals even ...
The reindeer herders were able to cross the border freely between Tuva and Mongolia until 1944, when Tuva was annexed to the Soviet Union and the border was closed. [10] Many Dukha, who had settled in Mongolia due to fear of Soviet collectivization of their reindeer, food shortages from World War II, and intertribal relations, were separated ...
After the 1930s the practice of reindeer herding began to decline, but free-ranging reindeer herds still exist on the Seaward Peninsula. These reindeer will sometimes run off with herds of wild ...
Native to the Arctic region, reindeer are one of the staples for the survival of arctic people, used for transportation, food, and clothing for generations. There are around 7 million reindeer ...
However, reindeer herding has a more prominent economic role in the local communities of the north. Siida s are governed like stock companies, where the reindeer-holders elect a board of directors and a chief executive officer (poroisäntä, 'reindeer master') every three years, voting with as many votes as they have reindeer. [7]