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An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea.Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer.
The vomiting center of the brain refers to the groups of loosely organized neurons in the medulla that include the CTZ within the area postrema and the nucleus tractus solitarii. [2] One of the ways the chemoreceptor trigger zone implements its effects on the vomiting center is by activation of the opioid mu receptors and delta receptors. [6]
The 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists suppress vomiting and nausea by inhibiting serotonin binding to the 5-HT 3 receptors. The highest concentration of 5-HT 3 receptors in the central nervous system are found in the STN and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and 5-HT 3 antagonists may also suppress vomiting and nausea by acting at these sites. [29]
It was developed up to phase II clinical trials for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting, migraine and motion sickness. It showed good results in emesis, but development was discontinued. [12] LY-303870, or lanepitant (figure 5), is an N-acetylated reduced amide of L-tryptophan that was discovered by Eli Lilly. It underwent phase ...
Metoclopramide is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with conditions such as uremia, radiation sickness, cancer and the effects of chemotherapy, labor, infection, and emetogenic drugs. [5] [12] [13] [14] As a perioperative anti-emetic, the effective dose is usually 25 to 50 mg (compared to the usual 10 mg dose).
Swallowing blood can irritate the stomach and lead to nausea and vomiting.” A bloody nose is bad enough, no one wants to deal with an upset stomach, too! What’s the safest way to handle a ...
Nausea and vomiting associated with migraine headaches respond best to dopamine antagonists such as metoclopramide, prochlorperazine, and chlorpromazine. [22] In cases of gastroenteritis, serotonin antagonists such as ondansetron were found to suppress nausea and vomiting, as well as reduce the need for IV fluid resuscitation. [ 22 ]
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