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Due to typical file system design, the amount of space allocated for a file is usually larger than the size of the file's data – resulting in a relatively small amount of storage space for each file, called slack space or internal fragmentation, that is not available for other files but is not used for data in the file to which it belongs.
1 MB = 1 024 000 bytes (= 1000×1024 B) is the definition used to describe the formatted capacity of the 1.44 MB 3.5-inch HD floppy disk, which actually has a capacity of 1 474 560 bytes. [5] Randomly addressable semiconductor memory doubles in size for each address lane added to an integrated circuit package, which favors counts that are ...
8,192 bits (1,024 bytes) – RAM capacity of a ZX81 and a ZX80. 9,408 bits (1,176 bytes) – uncompressed single-channel frame length in standard MPEG audio (75 frames per second and per channel), with standard 16-bit sampling at 44,100 Hz 10 4: 15,360 bits – one screen of data displayed on an 8-bit monochrome text console (80x24) 2 14
An 8-bit byte can represent 256 (2 8) distinct values, such as non-negative integers from 0 to 255, or signed integers from −128 to 127. The IEEE 1541-2002 standard specifies "B" (upper case) as the symbol for byte (IEC 80000-13 uses "o" for octet in French, but also allows "B" in English). Bytes, or multiples thereof, are almost always used ...
3 MB/s: 1975 ISA 8-Bit/4.77 MHz: 0 W/S: every 4 clocks 8 bits 1 W/S: every 5 clocks 8 bits: 0 W/S: every 4 clocks 1 byte 1 W/S: every 5 clocks 1 byte: 1981 (created) STD-80 16-bit/8 MHz: 32 Mbit/s: 4 MB/s: I3C (HDR mode) [28] 33.3 Mbit/s: 4.16 MB/s: 2017 Zorro II 16-bit/7.14 MHz [29] 42.4 Mbit/s: 5.3 MB/s: 1986 ISA 16-Bit/8.33 MHz: 66.64 Mbit/s ...
This is an overhead of 20%, so a 9,600 bit/s asynchronous serial link will not transmit data at 9600/8 bytes per second (1200 byte/s) but actually, in this case 9600/10 bytes per second (960 byte/s), which is considerably slower than expected. It can get worse.
Writing a DVD at 1× (1 385 000 bytes per second) [5] is approximately 9 times faster than writing a CD at 1× (153 600 bytes per second). [6] However, the actual speeds depend on the type of data being written to the disc. [6] For Blu-ray discs, 1× speed is defined as 36 megabits per second (Mbit/s), which is equal to 4.5 megabytes per second ...
1979 – IBM 0680 Piccolo – 64.5 megabytes, six 8-inch disks, first 8-inch HDD 1980 – The IBM 3380 was the world's first gigabyte-capacity disk drive. Two 1.26 GB, head disk assemblies (essentially two HDDs) were packaged in a cabinet the size of a refrigerator, [ 34 ] weighed 455 kg (1000 lb), and had a price tag of US$81,000 (Model B4 ...