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Earth science or geoscience includes all fields of natural science related to the planet Earth. [1] This is a branch of science dealing with the physical, chemical, and biological complex constitutions and synergistic linkages of Earth's four spheres: the biosphere , hydrosphere / cryosphere , atmosphere , and geosphere (or lithosphere ).
The preliminary reference Earth model (PREM) plots the average of Earth's properties by depth. [1] It includes a table of Earth properties, including elastic properties, attenuation, density, pressure, and gravity. PREM has been widely used as the basis for seismic tomography and related global geophysical models. [2]
To summarize this proposal, here is a quote from Born: [6] If the earth were at rest, and if, instead, the whole stellar system were to rotate in the opposite sense once around the earth in twenty-four hours, then, according to Newton, the centrifugal forces [presently attributed to the earth's rotation] would not occur.
The differences of Earth's gravity around the Antarctic continent. The surface of the Earth is rotating, so it is not an inertial frame of reference. At latitudes nearer the Equator, the outward centrifugal force produced by Earth's rotation is larger than at polar latitudes. This counteracts the Earth's gravity to a small degree – up to a ...
The Physical Setting/Earth Science – #1 Earth Science Regents Review Website; JMAP – Regents math examinations from 1866 to present. Regents Review Live!, produced by The New York Network, a Service of the State University of New York, in collaboration with the Teacher Resource and Computer Training Centers of New York State
Earth science – all-embracing term referring to the fields of science dealing with planet Earth. Earth science is the study of how the natural environment (ecosphere or Earth system) works and how it evolved to its current state. It includes the study of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere.
Earth system science – Scientific study of the Earth's spheres and their natural integrated systems; List of geophysicists – Famous geophysicists; Outline of geophysics – Topics in the physics of the Earth and its vicinity; Geodynamics – Study of dynamics of the Earth; Planetary science – Science of planets and planetary systems
Plot showing field lines (which, in three dimensions would describe "shells") for L-values 1.5, 2, 3, 4 and 5 using a dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field. The L-shell, L-value, or McIlwain L-parameter (after Carl E. McIlwain) is a parameter describing a particular set of planetary magnetic field lines.