Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The bicarbonate buffer system is an acid-base homeostatic mechanism involving the balance of carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3), bicarbonate ion (HCO − 3 ), and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in order to maintain pH in the blood and duodenum , among other tissues, to support proper metabolic function. [ 1 ]
With carbonic acid as the central intermediate species, bicarbonate – in conjunction with water, hydrogen ions, and carbon dioxide – forms this buffering system, which is maintained at the volatile equilibrium [3] required to provide prompt resistance to pH changes in both the acidic and basic directions.
Buffer solutions are used as a means of keeping pH at a nearly constant value in a wide variety of chemical applications. In nature, there are many living systems that use buffering for pH regulation. For example, the bicarbonate buffering system is used to regulate the pH of blood, and bicarbonate also acts as a buffer in the ocean.
These buffers include the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system, and the protein buffer system. [7] Respiratory component: The second line of defense is rapid consisting of the control the carbonic acid (H 2 CO 3) concentration in the ECF by changing the rate and depth of breathing by hyperventilation or hypoventilation.
Note that in this equation, the HB/B- buffer system represents all non-bicarbonate buffers present in the blood, such as hemoglobin in its various protonated and deprotonated states. Because many different non-bicarbonate buffers are present in human blood, the final equilibrium state reached at any given pCO 2 is highly complex and cannot be ...
Bicarbonate buffering system; Intracellular buffering by absorption of hydrogen atoms by various molecules, including proteins, phosphates and carbonate in bone. Respiratory compensation. Hyperventilation will cause more carbon dioxide to be removed from the body and thereby increases pH. Kidney compensation
The renal compensation process usually takes a few days to complete as it is dependent upon changes in the reabsorption of bicarbonate. [4] End-staged renal diseases as well as chronic kidney diseases increase the overall risk of individuals developing pneumonia due to the interactions between the kidneys and the lungs. [ 3 ]
The body initially buffers the change with the bicarbonate buffering system, but this system is quickly overwhelmed and other mechanisms must work to compensate for the acidosis. [3] One such mechanism is hyperventilation to lower blood carbon dioxide levels (a form of compensatory respiratory alkalosis).