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The prime decomposition theorem for 3-manifolds states that every compact, orientable 3-manifold is the connected sum of a unique (up to homeomorphism) collection of prime 3-manifolds. A manifold is prime if it cannot be presented as a connected sum of more than one manifold, none of which is the sphere of the same dimension.
In particular if the surgery coefficient is of the form /, then the surgered 3-manifold is still the 3-sphere. If M {\displaystyle M} is the 3-sphere, L {\displaystyle L} is the right-handed trefoil knot , and the surgery coefficient is + 1 {\displaystyle +1} , then the surgered 3-manifold is the Poincaré dodecahedral space .
This conjecture was proven in many special cases - for example when () is , when it is the fundamental group of a negatively curved manifold or when it is a word-hyperbolic group or a CAT(0)-group. The statement is equivalent to showing that the surgery obstruction map to the right of the surgery structure set is injective and the surgery ...
In medicine, a sign, symptom, or medical condition that leads to the recommendation of a treatment, test, or procedure. (NCI) Informed consent. A process in which a person is given important facts about a medical procedure or treatment, a clinical trial, or genetic testing before deciding whether or not to participate. It also includes ...
A clinical pathway is a multidisciplinary management tool based on evidence-based practice for a specific group of patients with a predictable clinical course, in which the different tasks (interventions) by the professionals involved in the patient care are defined, optimized and sequenced either by hour (ED), day (acute care) or visit (homecare).
The standard treatment, also known as the standard of care, is the medical treatment that is normally provided to people with a given condition. In many scientific studies, the control group receives the standard treatment rather than a placebo while a treatment group receives the experimental treatment. [ 1 ]
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Pharmacotherapy, also known as pharmacological therapy or drug therapy, is defined as medical treatment that utilizes one or more pharmaceutical drugs to improve ongoing symptoms (symptomatic relief), treat the underlying condition, or act as a prevention for other diseases (prophylaxis). [1]