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Pretibial myxedema is almost always preceded by the ocular signs found in Graves' disease. [3] It usually presents itself as a waxy, discolored induration of the skin—classically described as having a so-called peau d'orange (orange peel) appearance—on the anterior aspect of the lower legs, spreading to the dorsum of the feet, or as a non-localised, non-pitting edema of the skin in the ...
Fissure is a lesion in the skin that is usually narrow but deep. [29] [33] Induration is dermal thickening causing the cutaneous surface to feel thicker and firmer. [29] Atrophy refers to a loss of skin, and can be epidermal, dermal, or subcutaneous. [30] With epidermal atrophy, the skin appears thin, translucent, and wrinkled. [29]
The Heaf tuberculin skin test was used in the United Kingdom, but discontinued in 2005. The equivalent Mantoux test positive levels done with 10 TU (0.1 ml at 100 TU/ml, 1:1000) are [citation needed] <5 mm induration (Heaf 0–1) 5–15 mm induration (Heaf 2) >15 mm induration (Heaf 3–4)
Induration (hardening of the skin) [6] Discoloration [6] Severe reactions may result in cutaneous necrosis at the injection site, typically presenting in one of two forms: (1) those associated with intravenous infusion or (2) those related to intramuscular injection.
Injecting a Mantoux skin test The Mantoux test for TB involves intradermally injecting PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) tuberculin and measuring the size of induration 48-72 hours later. The Mantoux skin test is used in the United States and is endorsed by the American Thoracic Society and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention .
Lupus pernio is a chronic raised indurated (hardened) lesion of the skin, often purplish in color. It is seen on the nose , ears , cheeks , lips , and forehead . It is pathognomonic of sarcoidosis .
Superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) is a blood clot formed in a superficial vein, a vein near the surface of the body. Usually there is thrombophlebitis, which is an inflammatory reaction around a thrombosed vein, presenting as a painful induration (thickening of the skin) with redness.
Aldo Castellani was the first to prepare a substance similar to lepromin while attempting to produce a leprosy vaccine. [6] [7] Kensuke Mitsuda worked with lepromin starting in 1916 and published the first paper on it in 1919 [8] However, he retained Ernest Reinhold Rost's earlier name leprolin and his original idea was to find a test that distinguishes leprosy patients from non-leprosy persons.