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Medulloblastoma is the second-most frequent brain tumor in children after pilocytic astrocytoma [37] and the most common malignant brain tumor in children, comprising 14.5% of newly diagnosed brain tumors. [38] In adults, medulloblastoma is rare, comprising fewer than 2% of CNS malignancies. [39]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 10 January 2025. Neoplasm in the brain Medical condition Brain tumor Other names Intracranial neoplasm, brain tumour, brain cancer Brain metastasis in the right cerebral hemisphere from lung cancer, shown on magnetic resonance imaging Specialty Neurosurgery, neuro-oncology Symptoms Vary depending on the ...
In children aged 0–14 years, the most common brain tumors are pilocytic astrocytomas (17.5%), embryonal tumors (15.7%), and malignant gliomas (25.7%). [15] The overall incidence rate of brain tumors in children is 6.2 per 100,000. [9] The distribution and behavior of nervous system neoplasms differ significantly between adults and children.
The medulla oblongata or simply medulla is a long stem-like structure which makes up the lower part of the brainstem. [1] It is anterior and partially inferior to the cerebellum . It is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for autonomic (involuntary) functions, ranging from vomiting to sneezing . [ 2 ]
The ventral portion of the medulla oblongata contains the medullary pyramids. These two ridge-like structures travel along the length of the medulla oblongata and are bordered medially by the anterior median fissure. They each have an anterolateral sulcus along their lateral borders, where the hypoglossal nerve emerges from.
1.5.4 Diffuse glioneuronal tumor with oligodendroglioma-like features and nuclear clusters 1.5.5 Papillary glioneuronal tumor 1.5.6 Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumor 1.5.7 Myxoid glioneuronal tumor 1.5.8 Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor 1.5.9 Gangliocytoma 1.5.10 Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor
The medulla oblongata, often just referred to as the medulla, is the lower half of the brainstem continuous with the spinal cord. Its upper part is continuous with the pons. [11]: 1121 The medulla contains the cardiac, dorsal and ventral respiratory groups, and vasomotor centres, dealing with heart rate, breathing and blood pressure.
The lateral corticospinal tract is a descending motor pathway that begins in the cerebral cortex, decussates in the pyramids of the lower medulla [1] (also known as the medulla oblongata or the cervicomedullary junction, which is the most posterior division of the brain [2]) and proceeds down the contralateral side of the spinal cord.