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The first sirtuin was identified in yeast (a lower eukaryote) and named sir2. In more complex mammals, there are seven known enzymes that act in cellular regulation, as sir2 does in yeast.
A desire to lose weight is a common motivation to change dietary habits, as is a desire to maintain an existing weight. Many weight loss diets are considered by some to entail varying degrees of health risk, and some are not widely considered to be effective.
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The terms "healthy diet" and "diet for weight management" (dieting) are often related, as the two promote healthy weight management. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] If a person is overweight or obese, changing to a diet and lifestyle that allows them to burn more calories than they consume may improve their overall health, [ 2 ] possibly preventing diseases that ...
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A fad diet is a diet that is popular, generally only for a short time, similar to fads in fashion, without being a standard scientific dietary recommendation, and often making unreasonable claims for fast weight loss or health improvements; as such it is often considered a type of pseudoscientific diet.
For example, a tropical diet may be based more on fruits and vegetables, while a polar diet might rely more on meat and fish. The area's climate, in large measure, determines the native foods that are available. In addition, climate influences food preservation.
Hindhede concluded that "man can retain full vigor for a year or longer on a diet of potatoes and fat". [2] Polish scientists Stanisław Kon and Aniela Klein confirmed Hindhede's findings (as did a number of German scientists). [2] [3] Kon and Klein used potatoes and butter (with some apples and pears) for 167 days. In 1928, they reported that ...