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A 2009 study of rural food deserts found key differences in overall health, access to food, and the social environment of rural residents when they were compared to urban dwellers. [25] Rural residents report overall poorer health and more physical limitations, with 12% rating their health as fair or poor, compared to 9% of urban residents. [ 25 ]
The most common examples involve denial of credit and insurance, denial of healthcare, and the development of food deserts in minority neighborhoods. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Reverse redlining occurs when a lender or insurer targets majority-minority neighborhood residents with inflated interest rates by taking advantage of the lack of lending competition ...
Critics who support single-payer instead charge that offering a public option to compete with private insurance would create a two-tiered system of concierge versus minimal medical services, as private for-profit insurance companies use political muscle to deny coverage to the oldest and sickest Americans, thus shunting the more expensive ...
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According to the USDA, in 2015, about 19 million people, around 6% of the United States population, lived in a food desert, and 2.1 million households both lived in a food desert and lacked access to a vehicle. [25] However, the definition and number of people living in food deserts is constantly evolving as it depends on census information. [28]
Studies on food deserts and type 2 diabetes mellitus demonstrate that areas with limited access to nutritious food are associated with an increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes. [44] [45] [46] Studies show that food insecurity can impact the health of elderly adults including lower BMI, limited activity and malnutrition. [47]
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A longitudinal study of food deserts in JAMA Internal Medicine shows that supermarket availability is generally unrelated to fruit and vegetable recommendations and overall diet quality. [59] In a 2018 article in Guernica, Karen Washington states that factors beyond physical access suggest the community should reexamine the word food desert itself.