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This image is a derivative work of the following images: File:Chloroplast-new.jpg licensed with PD-user-en, PD-user-w . 2005-11-26T06:46:29Z Ollin 748x501 (54894 Bytes) A person whose nickname is “It'sJustMe“ made this file in Microsoft Visio. the creator of this work, hereby release it into the public domain.
A chloroplast (/ ˈ k l ɔːr ə ˌ p l æ s t,-p l ɑː s t /) [1] [2] is a type of organelle known as a plastid that conducts photosynthesis mostly in plant and algal cells. Chloroplasts have a high concentration of chlorophyll pigments which capture the energy from sunlight and convert it to chemical energy and release oxygen.
English: Diagram of chloroplast replication. Sources: 1—The Plant Cell—A Plant-Specific Dynamin-Related Protein Forms a Ring at the Chloroplast Division Site. 2—Traffic—Chloroplast Division. 3—Journal of Cell Science—DNA replication in chloroplasts
Within the envelope membranes, in the region called the stroma, there is a system of interconnecting flattened membrane compartments, called the thylakoids.The thylakoid membrane is quite similar in lipid composition to the inner envelope membrane, containing 78% galactolipids, 15.5% phospholipids and 6.5% sulfolipids in spinach chloroplasts. [3]
The 154 kb chloroplast DNA map of a model flowering plant (Arabidopsis thaliana: Brassicaceae) showing genes and inverted repeats. Chloroplast DNAs are circular, and are typically 120,000–170,000 base pairs long. [7] [8] [9] They can have a contour length of around 30–60 micrometers, and have a mass of about 80–130 million daltons. [10]
For example, chloroplasts in plants and green algae have lost all phycobilisomes, the light harvesting complexes found in cyanobacteria, red algae and glaucophytes, but instead contain stroma and grana thylakoids. The glaucocystophycean plastid—in contrast to chloroplasts and rhodoplasts—is still surrounded by the remains of the ...
The diagram shows the shape and location of most of these components: antihelix forms a 'Y' shape where the upper parts are: Superior crus (to the left of the fossa triangularis in the diagram) Inferior crus (to the right of the fossa triangularis in the diagram) Antitragus is below the tragus; Aperture is the entrance to the ear canal