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The processes are described by: [2] Process 0–1 a mass of air is drawn into piston/cylinder arrangement at constant pressure. Process 1–2 is an adiabatic (isentropic) compression of the charge as the piston moves from bottom dead center (BDC) to top dead center (TDC).
where v 1 is the speed in the front of the rotor, v 2 is the speed downstream of the rotor, v is the speed at the fluid power device, ρ is the fluid density, is the area of the turbine, and and are the areas of the fluid before and after the turbine (the inlet and outlet of the control volume).