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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Symptoms often include a rash, joint pain, fever, and lymphadenopathy. It is a type of hypersensitivity , specifically immune complex hypersensitivity ( type III ). The term serum sickness–like reaction (SSLR) is occasionally used to refer to similar illnesses that arise from the introduction of certain non-protein substances, such as ...
Age. The risk of most causes of joint pain increases with age. This may be due to increased wear and stress on joints over time and a higher likelihood of other underlying medical conditions ...
Prednisone is used for many different autoimmune diseases and inflammatory conditions, including asthma, gout, COPD, CIDP, rheumatic disorders, allergic disorders, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, adrenocortical insufficiency, hypercalcemia due to cancer, thyroiditis, laryngitis, severe tuberculosis, hives, eczema, lipid pneumonitis, pericarditis ...
[3] [4] [5] Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. [3] [4] [5] Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. [2] Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. [6] While once common, it is now rare. [3]
Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. [1] Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. [3] Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. [3] Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever. [7]
They are also generally safe and do not cause skin thinning when used in intermittently to treat atopic dermatitis flare-ups. They are also safe when used twice a week for preventing flares (also known as weekend treatment). [6] [7] [8] Applying once daily is enough as it is as effective as twice or more daily application. [13]
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...