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Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a disease caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi bacteria, also called Salmonella Typhi. [2] [3] Symptoms vary from mild to severe, and usually begin six to 30 days after exposure. [4] [5] Often there is a gradual onset of a high fever over several days. [4]
Joint pain is a common symptom we all experience at some point or another. Painful joints can have a significant impact on quality of life and the ability to do daily activities.
As of 2017 the cause of the disease was not understood. [1] A 2024 review by Braud and Lipsker aimed to "describe what is currently known about the pathogenesis of this peculiar disease, as well as to address its diagnosis and management" and concluded that "physiopathology of Schnitzler syndrome remains elusive" and "the main question regarding the relationship between the autoinflammatory ...
Without treatment, symptoms may last weeks or months. [1] Other people may carry the bacteria without being affected; however, they are still able to spread the disease to others. [3] Typhoid and paratyphoid are of similar severity. [3] Paratyphoid and typhoid fever are types of enteric fever. [7]
Typhoid vaccines are vaccines that prevent typhoid fever. [1] [2] [3] Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), Ty21a (a live oral vaccine) and Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (ViPS) (an injectable subunit vaccine). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in ...
Periodic fever syndromes are a set of disorders characterized by recurrent episodes of systemic and organ-specific inflammation.Unlike autoimmune disorders such as systemic lupus erythematosus, in which the disease is caused by abnormalities of the adaptive immune system, people with autoinflammatory diseases do not produce autoantibodies or antigen-specific T or B cells.
[3] [4] [5] Prevention is achieved by reducing exposure to the organisms that spread the disease. [3] [4] [5] Treatment is with the antibiotic doxycycline. [2] Epidemic typhus generally occurs in outbreaks when poor sanitary conditions and crowding are present. [6] While once common, it is now rare. [3]
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