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Commonly cleft lip and bifid uvula, hepatopathy, intermittent hypoglycemia, short stature, and exercise intolerance. DNA Test: mutation on PGM1. Walk test: Second Wind phenomenon in some, [12] but not all. [13] Observable with treadmill and heart rate monitor. Muscle biopsy: shows glycogen accumulation. Blood test: Abnormal serum transferrin.
The Introduction of ELISA testing (1988) In the mid-1980s, equine drug testing was for all practical purposes dependent on a screening technique called thin layer chromatography (TLC). This technology is not particularly sensitive, and in the mid-1980s some horsemen were reportedly attempting to affect the outcome of horse races by using high ...
Disaccharidases are glycoside hydrolases, enzymes that break down certain types of sugars called disaccharides into simpler sugars called monosaccharides.In the human body, disaccharidases are made mostly in an area of the small intestine's wall called the brush border, making them members of the group of "brush border enzymes".
Equine polysaccharide storage myopathy (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes exertional rhabdomyolysis.It is currently known to affect the following breeds American Quarter Horses, American Paint Horses, Warmbloods, Cobs, Dales Ponies, Thoroughbreds, Arabians, New Forest ponies, and a large number of Heavy horse breeds.
The diarrhea and cough initially improve in response to treatment, but then worsen as treatment becomes ineffective. [2] The foal's coat becomes dry and staring and the foal weakens further by two months of age as the foal fails to suckle, [ 2 ] and by the age of 3 months, the foal dies (or is euthanized), giving this disease a 100% mortality rate.
Appropriate treatment for lameness depends on the condition diagnosed, but at a minimum it usually includes rest or decreased activity and anti-inflammatory medications. Other treatment options, such as corrective shoeing, joint injections, and regenerative therapies, are pursued based on the cause of lameness and the financial limits of the owner.
Horses in hard training may need a vitamin E supplement, as their requirements are higher than horses in more moderate work. The horse may also be deficient in selenium, and need a feed in supplement. Selenium can be dangerous if overfed, so a blood test to confirm that the horse is in need of supplemental selenium should be used. [1]
Glycoside hydrolases are classified into EC 3.2.1 as enzymes catalyzing the hydrolysis of O- or S-glycosides. Glycoside hydrolases can also be classified according to the stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis reaction: thus they can be classified as either retaining or inverting enzymes. [6]