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D-Phenylalanine is distributed to the various tissues of the body via the systemic circulation. It appears to cross the blood–brain barrier less efficiently than L -phenylalanine, and so a small amount of an ingested dose of D -phenylalanine is excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system.
Phenylalanine-tRNA synthetase (PheRS) is known to be among the most complex enzymes of the aaRS (Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase) family. Bacterial and mitochondrial PheRSs share a ferredoxin -fold anticodon binding (FDX-ACB) domain , which represents a canonical double split alpha+beta motif having no insertions.
In enzymology, a phenylalanine adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + L-phenylalanine diphosphate + N-adenylyl-L-phenylalanine. Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and L-phenylalanine, whereas its two products are diphosphate and N-adenylyl-L-phenylalanine.
L-phenylalanine + pyruvate phenylpyruvate + L-alanine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine and pyruvate , whereas its two products are phenylpyruvate and L-alanine . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases , specifically the transaminases , which transfer nitrogenous groups.
l-DOPA is produced from the amino acid l-tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. l-DOPA can act as an l-tyrosine mimetic and be incorporated into proteins by mammalian cells in place of l-tyrosine, generating protease-resistant and aggregate-prone proteins in vitro and may contribute to neurotoxicity with chronic l-DOPA administration. [10]
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The enzyme phenylalanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.11, phenylalanine racemase, phenylalanine racemase (adenosine triphosphate-hydrolysing), gramicidin S synthetase I) is the enzyme that acts on amino acids and derivatives. It activates both the L & D stereo isomers of phenylalanine to form L-phenylalanyl adenylate and D-phenylalanyl adenylate, which ...
In enzymology, a phenylalanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.20) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. L-phenylalanine + H 2 O + NAD + phenylpyruvate + NH 3 + NADH + H +. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are L-phenylalanine, H 2 O, and NAD +, whereas its 4 products are phenylpyruvate, NH 3, NADH, and H +.