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Wheat bran structure (E: outer layer; I: intermediate layer; A: aleurone layer) Bran, also known as miller's bran, is the component of a cereal grain consisting of the hard layers - the combined aleurone and pericarp - surrounding the endosperm. Corn (maize) bran also includes the pedicel (tip cap). [1]
A second Unifine Mill began operation under the label Flour Girls in the late 1970s directed and funded by individuals that participated in the research and development of the mills at the college. The flour produced was used by home bakers to make light, whole wheat bread without the dense texture of breads made from traditional whole wheat ...
Wheat, rice and oats start out as whole grains, meaning they include all of the grain’s structure: the bran, endosperm and germ. That provides fiber, vitamins, magnesium and antioxidants ...
Flour roller mills were specifically designed to efficiently separate the bran and germ elements of the wheat kernel. What remains is the endosperm, generally referred to as white flour. White flour is often artificially enriched to restore some of the nutrition lost by separating out the bran and the germ elements.
White flour is made entirely from the endosperm or protein/starchy part of the grain, leaving behind the germ and the bran or fiber part. In addition to marketing the bran and germ as products in their own right, middlings include shorts (making up approximately 12% of the original grain, consisting of fractions of endosperm, bran, and germ with an average particle size of 500–900 microns ...
This is accomplished by direct extraction of the fine whole grain flour output of impact or attrition mills. Millers have been able to match the finer particle size distribution of low extraction roller-milled white flour (72% extraction) that eliminated all the bran and germ elements with a higher +88% extraction that retains most of them. [7] [8]
Detailed illustration of the different parts constituting a wheat kernel. The germ of a cereal grain is the part that develops into a plant; [1] it is the seed embryo. [2] Along with bran, germ is often a by-product of the milling [3] that produces refined grain products.
Groats (or in some cases, "berries") are the hulled kernels of various cereal grains, such as oats, wheat, rye, and barley. Groats are whole grains that include the cereal germ and fiber-rich bran portion of the grain, as well as the endosperm (which is the usual product of milling). Groats can also be produced from pseudocereal seeds such as ...
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