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Vat dyes are a class of dyes that are classified as such because of the method by which they are applied. Vat dyeing is a process that refers to dyeing that takes place in a bucket or vat. The original vat dye is indigo , once obtained only from plants but now often produced synthetically.
Furthermore, the quality of the new dyes increased. Chemist Rene Bohn developed a brilliant blue vat dye, indanthrone, with excellent color fastness in 1901. BASF(Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik), the largest manufacturer of vat dyes, sold it as Indanthren Blue RS, along with the synthetic indigo they placed on the market in 1897. [19]
Vat dyes are essentially insoluble in water and incapable of dyeing fibres directly. However, reduction in alkaline liquor produces the water-soluble alkali metal salt of the dye. This form is often colorless, in which case it is referred to as a Leuco dye , and has an affinity for the textile fibre.
The work on indigo led to the development of a new class of dyes called vat dyes in 1901 that produced a wide range of fast colors for cellulosic fibers such as cotton. [69] Disperse dyes were introduced in 1923 to color the new textiles of cellulose acetate, which could not be colored with any existing dyes. Today disperse dyes are the only ...
Dibenzpyrenequinone is a synthetic vat dye. It is a bright yellow solid. [1] It can be produced by cyclization of 1,5-dibenzoylnaphthalene.
Textile dyeing plants generate wastewater that contains synthetic (e.g., reactive dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, vat dyes, sulfur dyes, mordant dyes, direct dyes, ingrain dyes, solvent dyes, pigment dyes) and natural dyestuff, gum thickener (guar) and various wetting agents, pH buffers and dye retardants or accelerators.
Vat Blue 6 Blue K Vat blue 6 69825 anthraquinone 130-20-1: Vat Blue 36: Vat blue 36 73675 indigoid 6424-69-7: Vat brown 1: Vat brown 1 70802 anthraquinone 2475-33-4: Vat Green 1: Jade green base Vat green 1 59825 anthraquinone 128-58-5: Vat Green 9: Vat black BB Vat green 9 59850 anthraquinone 6369-65-9: Vat Orange 1: Vat golden yellow RK Vat ...
However, vat dyes, and especially indigo, must be treated after dyeing by 'soaping' to prevent the dye from rubbing (crocking) off. [5] Vat dyes can be used to simultaneously dye the fabric and to remove underlying fiber-reactive dye (i.e., can dye a black cotton fabric yellow) because of the bleaching action of the reducing bath.