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  2. Cereal growth staging scales - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereal_growth_staging_scales

    Beginning of the erection of the pseudo-stem; leaf sheaths beginning to lengthen. 5: Pseudo-stem (formed by sheaths of leaves) strongly erected. Stem Extension 6: First node of stem visible at base of shoot. 7: Second node of stem formed; next-to-last leaf just visible. 8: Flag leaf (last leaf) visible but still rolled up; ear beginning to swell. 9

  3. Aerial stem modification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_stem_modification

    Grapevine tendrils and leaves. Thorns. Cladodes. Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems, [1] vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, support, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation.

  4. Secondary growth - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_growth

    Secondary growth thickens the stem and roots, typically making them woody.Obstructions such as this metal post and stubs of limbs can be engulfed. In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems ...

  5. Stem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem

    Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler, free software; Stem, part of a compound variable in the Rexx computer programming language; Stem (bicycle part), connecting the handlebars to the steerer tube of a bicycle fork; Stem (ship), the most forward part of a boat or ship's bow; Stem, part of a watch

  6. Vascular bundle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vascular_bundle

    In a stem or root this means that the xylem is closer to the centre of the stem or root while the phloem is closer to the exterior. In a leaf, the adaxial surface of the leaf will usually be the upper side, with the abaxial surface the lower side.

  7. Annual growth cycle of grapevines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual_growth_cycle_of...

    The bud of a Regent vine located between the stem and petiole.. The grape starts its annual growth cycle in the spring with bud break. In the Northern Hemisphere, this stage begins around March while in the Southern Hemisphere it begins around September when daily temperatures begin to surpass 10 °C (50 °F).

  8. Timeline of plant evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_plant_evolution

    The evidence of plant evolution changes dramatically in the Ordovician with the first extensive appearance of embryophyte spores in the fossil record. The earliest terrestrial plants lived during the Middle Ordovician around 470 million years ago , based on their fossils found in the form of monads and spores, with resistant polymers in their ...

  9. Spanish irregular verbs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_irregular_verbs

    There are two kinds of changes that can affect stem vowels of some Spanish verbs: diphthongization and vowel raising. Both changes affect -e-or -o-in the last (or only) syllable of a verb stem. Diphthongization changes -e-to -ie-, and -o-to -ue-. Vowel raising changes the mid vowels-e-and -o-to the corresponding high vowels: -i-and -u-respectively.