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The corneal reflex, also known as the blink reflex or eyelid reflex, [1] is an involuntary blinking of the eyelids elicited by stimulation of the cornea (such as by touching or by a foreign body), though it could result from any peripheral stimulus. Stimulation should elicit both a direct and consensual response (response of the opposite eye).
Presentation is usually unilateral with palpable swelling over the affected area supranasal to the eye. The trochlear region is extremely tender to touch. Pain is exacerbated by eye movements looking down and inwards, and especially in supraduction (looking up) and looking outwards, which stretches the superior oblique muscle tendon.
Ocular neuropathic pain, also called corneal neuralgia, is a spectrum of disorders of ocular pain which are caused by damage or disease affecting the nerves.Ocular neuropathic pain is frequently associated with damaged or dysfunctional corneal nerves, [1] but the condition can also be caused by peripheral or centralized sensitization. [2]
Closed globe injury: the eye globe is intact, but the seven rings of the eye have been classically described as affected by blunt trauma. Types include contusion and lamellar laceration; Open globe injury: there is a full thickness injury of the eye wall (cornea and sclera) It includes
Blepharitis, sometimes known as granulated eyelids, is one of the most common ocular conditions characterized by inflammation, scaling, reddening, and crusting of the eyelid. This condition may also cause swelling, burning, itching, or a grainy sensation when introducing foreign objects or substances to the eye.
Trachoma is an infectious disease caused by bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. [2] The infection causes a roughening of the inner surface of the eyelids. [2] This roughening can lead to pain in the eyes, breakdown of the outer surface or cornea of the eyes, and eventual blindness. [2]
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye or Madras eye, [4] [5] is inflammation of the conjunctiva and the inner surface of the eyelid. [6] It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. [1] Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. [1] The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning. [1] Swelling of the sclera ...
The pain is often described as deep or boring. Photophobia and tearing; Decrease in visual acuity, possibly leading to blindness; The pain of episcleritis is less severe than in scleritis. [4] In hyperemia, there is a visible increase in the blood flow to the sclera , which accounts for the redness of the eye. Unlike in conjunctivitis, this ...