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The main elements that comprise the human body (including water) can be summarized as CHNOPS. Element Symbol percent mass percent atoms Oxygen O 65.0 24.0 Carbon C 18.5 12.0 Hydrogen H 9.5 62.0 Nitrogen N 2.6 1.1 Calcium Ca 1.3 0.22 Phosphorus P 0.6 0.22 Sulfur S 0.3 0.038 Potassium K 0.2 0.03 Sodium Na 0.2 0.037 Chlorine Cl 0.2 0.024 Magnesium Mg
For example, a transfer of a single electron between atoms is a useful approximation for bonds that form between atoms with one-electron more than a filled shell, and others that are one-electron short of a full shell, such as occurs in the compound sodium chloride and other chemical ionic salts. Many elements display multiple valences, or ...
Cations and anions are also typically discrete and can be depicted unambiguously. For simple structures, say <10 atoms, it is helpful to depict all atoms explicitly. For more complex molecules, most hydrogen atoms attached to carbon are omitted, and carbon atoms are represented by vertices. For ease of readability, sans-serif fonts are ...
English: The main elements that compose the human body, by mass percent, are shown from most abundant to least abundant element. The atomic fractions (fractions of atoms) are different due to differing atomic weights. As in water, oxygen contributes the most mass, but hydrogen is the most common atom.
A Grotrian diagram of the hydrogen atom. Only transitions between adjacent columns are allowed, as per the selection rule =. A Grotrian diagram, or term diagram, shows the allowed electronic transitions between the energy levels of atoms. They can be used for one-electron and multi-electron atoms.
Another shorthand structural diagram is the skeletal formula (also known as a bond-line formula or carbon skeleton diagram). In a skeletal formula, carbon atoms are not signified by the symbol C but by the vertices of the lines. Hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon are not shown—they can be inferred by counting the number of bonds to a particular ...
John Dalton represented compounds as aggregations of circular atoms, and although Johann Josef Loschmidt did not create physical models, his diagrams based on circles are two-dimensional analogues of later models. [2] August Wilhelm von Hofmann is credited with the first physical molecular model around 1860. [3]
The glossary of the textbook will be scraped using OpenRefine and exported in list format to create an index of anatomy and physiology terminology [similar example here]. From this index, the knowledge gaps in anatomy and physiology will be mapped using the redlinks.