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Goals are what the client hopes to gain from therapy, based on their presenting concerns. The bond forms from trust and confidence that the tasks will bring the client closer to their goals. Research on the working alliance suggests that it is a strong predictor of psychotherapy or counseling client outcome. [ 8 ]
Gestalt therapy is a form of psychotherapy that emphasizes personal responsibility and focuses on the individual's experience in the present moment, the therapist–client relationship, the environmental and social contexts of a person's life, and the self-regulating adjustments people make as a result of their overall situation.
The therapeutic relationship is central to integrative therapy, where the therapist and client work as partners in the healing process. Integrative therapy emphasizes mutual respect, empathy, and understanding, believing that meaningful change is more likely to occur within a trusting and collaborative environment.
This is the goal of existential therapy. Existential therapy is in turn philosophically associated with phenomenology. [79] [80] Person-centered therapy, also known as client-centered, focuses on the therapist showing openness, empathy and "unconditional positive regard", to help clients express and develop their own self. [81]
The therapist takes a more interpretive and much less directive role. [16] Major techniques used by psychodynamic therapists include: Free association: The client is encouraged to communicate their true feelings and thoughts to the therapist. This is done with the client knowing it is a safe space and done without judgment and/or consequence.
Therapist–client psychological contact: A relationship between client and therapist must exist, and it must be a relationship in which each person's perception of the other is important. Client incongruence : Incongruence (as defined by Carl Rogers; "a lack of alignment between the real self and the ideal self") exists between the client's ...
It is important that therapists know their own limitations and are prepared to refer clients to other professionals when required. [32] To address training difficulties, one study outlines successful evidence-based modalities (e.g., workshops, ongoing coaching, etc.) for training busy clinical providers in motivational interviewing. [33]
In the 1970s, de Shazer, Berg and colleagues conducted Brief Family Therapy at Family Service of Milwaukee, [10] a community agency, and installed one-way mirrors to observe sessions with clients to study which activities were most beneficial for the clients. [15] The group of therapists used to meet in the couple's home, where a therapist saw ...