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Vasculitis is a group of disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation. [2] Both arteries and veins are affected. Lymphangitis (inflammation of lymphatic vessels) is sometimes considered a type of vasculitis. [3] Vasculitis is primarily caused by leukocyte migration and resultant damage.
Prodromal symptoms, constitutional abnormalities, and organ-specific manifestations are common in vasculitis patients. Patients may show up at the emergency room with life-threatening symptoms (such as massive hemoptysis or renal failure ) or with nonspecific signs and symptoms (such as a rash , fever , myalgia , arthralgia , malaise , or ...
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Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis is a form of inflammation affecting the blood vessels caused by the deposition of abnormal proteins called cryoglobulins.These immunoglobulin proteins are soluble at normal body temperatures, but become insoluble below 37 °C (98.6 °F) and subsequently may aggregate within smaller blood vessels.
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Lupus vasculitis is one of the secondary vasculitides that occurs in approximately 50% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). [ 1 ] Large vessel involvement is extremely uncommon; medium-sized vessels can also be impacted, but small vessels are the most frequently linked to it.
Reviewing a patient's family history and conducting a physical examination are important steps in making a diagnosis. Physical exams may differ depending on the type of vascular disease suspected. For example, in the case of a peripheral vascular disease, a physical exam consists of checking blood flow in a patient's legs. [28] [29]
Diagnosis of arteritis is based on unusual medical symptoms. [4] Similar symptoms may be caused by a number of other conditions, such as Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome (both heritable disorders of connective tissue), tuberculosis, syphilis, spondyloarthropathies, Cogans' syndrome, Buerger's, Behcet's, and Kawasaki disease. [4]