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Felix & Odile Pratt Valle slave quarters, southeast corner of Merchant & Second Streets, Sainte Genevieve, Missouri. The history of slavery in Missouri began in 1720, predating statehood, with the large-scale slavery in the region, when French merchant Philippe François Renault brought about 500 slaves of African descent from Saint-Domingue up the Mississippi River to work in lead mines in ...
Map and view of St. Louis, 1848. This is a list of slave traders working in Missouri from settlement until 1865: . Jim Adams, Missouri and New Orleans [1]; Atkinson & Richardson, Tennessee, Kentucky, and St. Louis, Mo. [2]
The Genesis of Missouri: From Wilderness Outpost to Statehood (University of Missouri Press, 1989) Gardner, James A. "The Business Career of Moses Austin in Missouri, 1798-1821." Missouri Historical Review (1956) 50#3 pp 235–47. Gitlin, Jay. The bourgeois frontier: French towns, French traders, and American expansion (Yale University Press, 2009)
The "Missouri Crisis" was resolved at first in 1820 when the Missouri Compromise cleared the way for Missouri's entry to the union as a slave state. The Missouri Compromise stated that the remaining portion of the Louisiana Territory above the 36°30′ line was to be free from slavery. This same year, the first Missouri constitution was adopted.
Missouri was initially settled predominantly by Southerners traveling up the Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Many brought slaves with them. Missouri entered the Union in 1821 as a slave state following the Missouri Compromise of 1820, in which Congress agreed that slavery would be illegal in all territory north of 36°30' latitude, except Missouri.
Controversy over whether Missouri should be admitted as a slave state resulted in the Missouri Compromise of 1821, which specified that territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase north of latitude 36° 30', which described most of Missouri's southern border, would, except for Missouri, become free states, and territory south of that line ...
Southerners objected to any bill that imposed federal restrictions on slavery and believed that it was a state issue, as settled by the Constitution. However, with the Senate evenly split at the opening of the debates, both sections possessing 11 states, the admission of Missouri as a slave state would give the South an advantage.
Overall, Missouri's slave population represented 10 percent of the state's population in the 1860 U.S. Census. But in Little Dixie, county and township slave populations ranged from 20 to 50 percent by 1860, with the highest percentages for the counties developed for large plantations along the Missouri river.