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Reversal theory is a structural, phenomenological theory of personality, motivation, and emotion in the field of psychology. [1] It focuses on the dynamic qualities of normal human experience to describe how a person regularly reverses between psychological states, reflecting their motivational style, the meaning they attach to a situation at a given time, and the emotions they experience.
Maslach concluded that when there is a lack of explanation for an arousal it will cause a negative emotion, which will evoke either anger or fear. However, Maslach did mention a limitation that there might have been more negative emotion self-reported because there are more terms referring to negative emotions than to positive ones. [6]
In the 1992 Disney film Aladdin, the titular character, upon freeing the Genie from the lamp, uses reverse psychology to trick the Genie into freeing him from the Cave of Wonders, without using one of his three wishes to do so. A popular example of reverse psychology in media is the release of Queen's hit song "Bohemian Rhapsody". Upon release ...
While the two concepts share multiple similarities, there is a distinct difference between them that depends on the state of consciousness the process is carried out in. The process of coping involves using logic and reason to stabilize negative emotions and stressors. This differs from defence, which is driven by impulse and urges. [32] [33]
The self-discrepancy theory states that individuals compare their "actual" self to internalized standards or the "ideal/ought self". Inconsistencies between "actual", "ideal" (idealized version of yourself created from life experiences) and "ought" (who persons feel they should be or should become) are associated with emotional discomforts (e.g., fear, threat, restlessness).
For example, anger shows the sign of attack, fear shows the sign of escape. These emotional reactions interconnect with our mind and body. These negative emotions are influenced by the physiological support mechanisms, such as the physical energy, that relies on the body to mobilize at an optimal level for individual action to react.
Both emotional empathy and emotion recognition have been shown to have negative correlations with Machiavellianism. [ 47 ] [ 9 ] Additionally, research has shown that Machiavellianism is unrelated to a more advanced theory of mind , that is, the ability to anticipate what others are thinking in social situations. [ 165 ]
Attributing causes of negative impulses or feelings to the external world rather than to oneself III. Reaction-Formation: Adopting the behavior or attitude opposite to what one really feels IV. Fixation: Failing to pass into the next stage of psychosexual development or temporary flight from controlled and realistic thinking V. Regression