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A schematic view of a station box. A station box is a term in the construction industry: It describes a box-like underground structure for a transportation system, for example a metro or tube station. [1] Station boxes are built in two methods – "top-down" or "bottom-up".
Schematic of an aquifer showing confined zones, groundwater travel times, a spring and a well. An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing material, consisting of permeable or fractured rock, or of unconsolidated materials (gravel, sand, or silt). Aquifers vary greatly in their characteristics.
An underground base is a subterranean facility used for military or scientific purposes. Examples are: Cheyenne Mountain Complex; Chiashan Air Force Base; Iranian underground missile bases; Raven Rock Mountain Complex; Zeljava Air Base; There may be more than 10,000 underground military facilities worldwide. [1]
Subsurface utility engineering (SUE) refers to a branch of engineering that involves managing certain risks associated with utility mapping at appropriate quality levels, utility coordination, utility relocation design and coordination, utility condition assessment, communication of utility data to concerned parties, utility relocation cost estimates, implementation of utility accommodation ...
Underground construction has a number of unique risks and challenges but shares a lot with traditional construction and mining. Underground construction workers often work under reduced light condition, in dangerous spaces, and are at a high risk of exposure to contaminants, fire, and explosions.
Schematic of underground mine ventilation The mine ventilation fan, before 1908. Underground mine ventilation provides a flow of air to the underground workers of a mine with sufficient volume to dilute and remove dust and noxious gases (typically NO x, SO 2, methane, CO 2 and CO) and to regulate temperature.
There are two principal phases of underground mining: development mining and production mining. Development mining is composed of excavation almost entirely in (non-valuable) waste rock in order to gain access to the orebody. There are six steps in development mining: remove previously blasted material (muck out round), scaling (removing any unstable slabs of rock hanging from the roof and ...
Cave dweller, Underground living; Cave temple; Cellar; Dungeon; Dugout (shelter) Fogou; Hypogeum; Mine; Rock cut architecture, rock-cut tomb; Smuggling tunnel; Tunnels (street tunnel, train tunnels) Underground city, umbrella article for underground dwellings and facilities; Underground rapid transit system; Wine cave