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The persons tested were the patrilineal descendants of Jérome Bonaparte, one of Napoleon's brothers, and of Alexandre Colonna-Walewski, Napoleon's illegitimate son with Marie Walewska. These three tests all yielded the same Y-STR haplotype (109 markers) confirming with 100% certainty that the first Emperor of the French belonged to the M34 ...
Napoleon Bonaparte: A Life. New York: Harper Collins. ISBN 9780060929589. Stroud, Patricia Tyson (2005). The Man who had been King: The American Exile of Napoleon's Brother Joseph. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 9780812290424. biography: book received the New Jersey Council for the Humanities first place book award in ...
Joachim Murat (from 1804), Napoleon's brother-in-law; Eugène de Beauharnais (from 1805), Napoleon's adopted son; Elisa Bonaparte, Napoleon's sister; Jérôme Bonaparte (from 1806), Napoleon's younger brother; Stéphanie de Beauharnais (from 1806), Napoleon's adopted daughter, cousin of his wife; Joseph Fesch (from 1807), Napoleon's uncle
Napoleon Bonaparte [b] (born Napoleone Buonaparte; [1] [c] 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), later known by his regnal name Napoleon I, was a French general and statesman who rose to prominence during the French Revolution and led a series of military campaigns across Europe during the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars from 1796 to 1815.
Napoleon I 1769–1821 Emperor of the French r. 1804–1814, 1815: Joséphine de Beauharnais 1763–1814: Alexandre de Beauharnais 1760–1794: Louis Bonaparte 1778–1846 King of Holland: Napoleon II 1811–1832 Emperor of the French r. 1815 (disputed) Hortense de Beauharnais 1783–1837: Napoleon III 1808–1873 Emperor of the French r. 1852 ...
Jérôme's elder brother Napoleon was furious about the match - he wanted to marry his siblings into royal families across Europe and to expand the Bonaparte dynasty through marriage. He was unable to convince Pope Pius VII in Rome to annul the marriage, and so after becoming Emperor in 1804, he annulled the marriage himself (by a French ...
The Napoleon movie does a great job of showcasing Josephine’s life while she was with Napoleon, but many people don’t know what happened to her upon her 1810 divorce with Napoleon after they ...
While Napoleon had made his brothers and sisters imperial highnesses, except Lucien and Jérôme, Letizia did not have an official title yet. [27] In July 1804, Cardinal Fesch wrote to Napoleon, suggesting that a title be found for her.