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A dumb pulley can lift very large masses a short distance. It consists of two fixed pulleys of unequal radii that are attached to each other and rotate together, a single pulley bearing the load, and an endless rope looped around the pulleys. To avoid slippage, the rope is usually replaced by a chain, and the connected pulleys by sprockets.
Diagram 3 shows three rope parts supporting the load W, which means the tension in the rope is W/3. Thus, the mechanical advantage is three-to-one. By adding a pulley to the fixed block of a gun tackle the direction of the pulling force is reversed though the mechanical advantage remains the same, Diagram 3a. This is an example of the Luff tackle.
A pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable, belt, or chain. The earliest evidence of pulleys dates back to Ancient Egypt in the Twelfth Dynasty (1991–1802 BC) [1] and Mesopotamia in the early 2nd millennium BC. [2]
The rope is threaded through the pulleys to provide mechanical advantage that amplifies that force applied to the rope. [ 4 ] In order to determine the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle system consider the simple case of a gun tackle, which has a single mounted, or fixed, pulley and a single movable pulley.
A drawback to belt drives is that they transmit less power than gears or chain drives. However, improvements in belt engineering allow use of belts in systems that formerly only allowed chain drives or gears. Power transmitted between a belt and a pulley is expressed as the product of difference of tension and belt velocity:
Sheave – Grooved wheel used to support a moving belt, wire or rope; Sheer legs; Sling (rigging) – Rope, webbing, wire or chain used to support a load for lifting; Rope splicing – Semi-permanent joint between two ropes; Tackle – System of two or more pulleys and a rope or cable; Tirfor – Device for pulling cable; Tugger (rigging)
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