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The history of X-ray computed tomography (CT) dates back to at least 1917 with the mathematical theory of the Radon transform. [1][2] In the early 1900s an Italian radiologist named Alessandro Vallebona invented tomography (named "stratigrafia") which used radiographic film to see a single slice of the body. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It was ...
X-rays can penetrate many solid substances such as construction materials and living tissue, so X-ray radiography is widely used in medical diagnostics (e.g., checking for broken bones) and material science (e.g., identification of some chemical elements and detecting weak points in construction materials). [3]
1908 – Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method. 1909 – First intrauterine device described by Richard Richter. [ 102 ] 1910 – Hans Christian Jacobaeus performs the first laparoscopy on humans. 1917 – Julius Wagner-Jauregg discovers the malarial fever shock therapy for general paresis of the insane.
Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [3] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən] ⓘ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, [4] who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in ...
Sir William Lawrence Bragg, CH, OBE, MC, FRS [1] (31 March 1890 – 1 July 1971) was an Australian-born British physicist and X-ray crystallographer, discoverer (1912) of Bragg's law of X-ray diffraction, which is basic for the determination of crystal structure. He was joint recipient (with his father, William Henry Bragg) of the Nobel Prize ...
History of X-ray astronomy. Chandra 's image of Saturn (left) and Hubble optical image of Saturn (right). Saturn's X-ray spectrum is similar to that of X-rays from the Sun. 14 April 2003. The history of X-ray astronomy begins in the 1920s, with interest in short wave communications for the U.S. Navy. This was soon followed by extensive study of ...
Compared to the lowest dose X-ray techniques, CT scans can have 100 to 1,000 times higher dose than conventional X-rays. [148] However, a lumbar spine X-ray has a similar dose as a head CT. [ 149 ] Articles in the media often exaggerate the relative dose of CT by comparing the lowest-dose X-ray techniques (chest X-ray) with the highest-dose CT ...
1971: Place cells in the brain are discovered by John O'Keefe. 1974: Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. discover indirect evidence for gravitational wave radiation in the Hulse–Taylor binary. 1977: Frederick Sanger sequences the first DNA genome of an organism using Sanger sequencing.