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The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies. The history of the Quran is a major focus in the ...
Quranic createdness. In Islamic theology, Quranic createdness is the doctrinal position that the Quran was created, rather than having always existed and thus being "uncreated". One of the main areas of debate in Islamic theology was about God's attribute of kalam (lit. word, speech) revealing itself through wahy and it was a counterpart ...
The Quran is believed by Muslims to be God's own divine speech providing a complete code of conduct across all facets of life. This has led Muslim theologians to fiercely debate whether the Quran was "created or uncreated." According to tradition, several of Muhammad's companions served as scribes, recording the revelations.
657 CE; pages of the Quran are wrapped around swords by Muawiyahs forces during the Battle of Siffin. 661 CE - 671 CE: the estimated radiocarbon dating of one of the oldest surviving copy of the Quran, the Sanaa manuscript [6] 769: The first full tafsir attributed to Muqatil ibn Sulayman ibn Bashiral-Balkhi. Ma'ani al-Qur'an (The Meaning of The ...
Early Quranic manuscripts. In Muslim tradition the Quran is the final revelation from God, Islam 's divine text, delivered to the Islamic prophet Muhammad through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). Muhammad's revelations were said to have been recorded orally and in writing, through Muhammad and his followers up until his death in 632 CE. [1]
Uthmanic canonization. The Quran was canonized only after Muhammad's death in 632 CE. According to Islamic tradition the third caliph, Uthman ibn Affan (r. 23/644–35 AH/655 CE) established the canonical Qur'an, reportedly starting the process in 644 CE, [6] and completing the work around 650 CE (the exact date was not recorded by early Arab ...
Al-Qadir fostered the Sunni struggle against Shiʿism and outlawed heresies such as the Baghdad Manifesto and the doctrine that the Quran was created. He outlawed the Muʿtazila , bringing an end to the development of rationalist Muslim philosophy.
978-1573921985. OCLC. 475215080. The Origins of The Koran: Classic Essays on Islam’s Holy Book is a 1998 book edited by Ibn Warraq. It contains a collection of 13 critical studies of the Qur'an written over the past two centuries by historians and scholars of the Middle East: Ibn Warraq, Theodor Nöldeke, Leone Caetani, Alphonse Mingana ...