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Preload (cardiology) Heart during ventricular diastole. In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. [1] Preload is directly related to ventricular filling.
In the general sense, it refers to the internal application of stress to certain mechanical systems. By tensioning, preloading increases the natural frequency of a structure, avoiding resonance due to external disturbances. It also prevents buckling if stresses change depending on position in certain systems. In the particular case for bearings ...
Preload (cardiology), maximum stretch of the heart at the end of diastole. preload (software), code-prefetching software for Linux. Preload (engineering), the internal application of stress to certain mechanical systems.
Stroke volume (SV) is the volume of blood ejected by the right/left ventricle in a single contraction. It is the difference between the end-diastolic volume (EDV) and the end-systolic volume (ESV). In mathematical terms, The stroke volume is affected by changes in preload, afterload, and inotropy (contractility).
History. The Frank–Starling law is named after the two physiologists, Otto Frank and Ernest Henry Starling. However, neither Frank nor Starling was the first to describe the relationship between the end-diastolic volume and the regulation of cardiac output. [5] The first formulation of the law was theorized by the Italian physiologist Dario ...
Preload control. Amount of the no-load tension in the bolted joint ( preload) greatly affects the reliability of the joint. Multiple techniques exist for preload control to ensure that the tension in the bolt is close to the one specified in the design (some bolt-to-bolt statistical variations are inevitable): [1] torque-controlled tightening ...
The preload target can be achieved by a variety of methods: applying a measured torque to the bolt, measuring bolt extension, heating to expand the bolt then turning the nut down, torquing the bolt to the yield point, testing ultrasonically, or by applying a certain number of degrees of relative rotation of the threaded components. Each method ...
Afterload is the pressure that the heart must work against to eject blood during systole (ventricular contraction). Afterload is proportional to the average arterial pressure. [ 1 ] As aortic and pulmonary pressures increase, the afterload increases on the left and right ventricles respectively. Afterload changes to adapt to the continually ...