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The first water fluoridation in Europe was in West Germany and Sweden in 1952, bringing fluoridated water to about 42,000 people. By mid-1962, about 1 million Europeans in 18 communities in 11 countries were receiving fluoridated water. [64]
The use of fluoride in its various forms is the foundation of tooth decay prevention throughout Europe; several countries have introduced fluoridated salt, with varying success: in Switzerland and Germany, fluoridated salt represents 65% to 70% of the domestic market, while in France the market share reached 60% in 1993 but dwindled to 14% in ...
The water fluoridation controversy arises from political, ethical, economic, and health considerations regarding the fluoridation of public water supplies.. For deprived groups in both maturing and matured countries, international and national agencies and dental associations across the world support the safety and effectiveness of water fluoridation. [1]
More than 200 million Americans, or about 75% of the population, currently have fluoride added to their drinking water at recommended levels of 0.7 milligrams of fluoride per liter of water.
Defluoridation is the downward adjustment of the level of fluoride in drinking water. Worldwide, fluoride is one of the most abundant anions present in groundwater. Fluoride is more present in groundwater than surface water mainly due to the leaching of minerals. Groundwater accounts for 98 percent of the earth's potable water. [1]
Date: 24 February 2009: Source: The data for this map are taken from Table 31 (pp. 35–6) of: The British Fluoridation Society; The UK Public Health Association; The British Dental Association; The Faculty of Public Health (2004) "The extent of water fluoridation" in One in a Million: The facts about water fluoridation (2 nd ed.), pp. 55–80.
Contents. The Directive is intended to protect human health by laying down healthiness and purity requirements which must be met by drinking water within the Community (see water quality). Articles 1 and 2 make clear the goal is wholesome and clean water as ‘intended for human consumption’, for instance in drinking, cooking, and for food.
Drinking water standards include lists of parametric values, and also specify the sampling location, sampling methods, sampling frequency, analytical methods, and laboratory accreditation (AQC). In addition, a number of standards documents also require calculation to determine whether a level exceeds the standard, such as taking an average.