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The envelope thus generalizes the concept of a constant amplitude into an instantaneous amplitude. The figure illustrates a modulated sine wave varying between an upper envelope and a lower envelope. The envelope function may be a function of time, space, angle, or indeed of any variable. Envelope for a modulated sine wave.
In network calculus, a flow is modelled as cumulative functions A, where A(t) represents the amount of data (number of bits for example) sent by the flow in the interval [0,t). Such functions are non-negative and non-decreasing. The time domain is often the set of non negative reals. Arrival and departure curve at ingress and egress of a server.
In geometry, an envelope of a planar family of curves is a curve that is tangent to each member of the family at some point, and these points of tangency together form the whole envelope. Classically, a point on the envelope can be thought of as the intersection of two " infinitesimally adjacent" curves, meaning the limit of intersections of ...
The envelope detector is a very simple method of demodulation that does not require a coherent demodulator. It consists of a rectifier (anything that will pass current in one direction only) or other non-linear component that enhances one half of the received signal over the other and a low-pass filter.
In mathematics and economics, the envelope theorem is a major result about the differentiability properties of the value function of a parameterized optimization problem. [1] As we change parameters of the objective, the envelope theorem shows that, in a certain sense, changes in the optimizer of the objective do not contribute to the change in ...
The upper envelope or pointwise maximum is defined symmetrically. For an infinite set of functions, the same notions may be defined using the infimum in place of the minimum, and the supremum in place of the maximum. [1] For continuous functions from a given class, the lower or upper envelope is a piecewise function whose pieces are from the ...
Computer science (also called computing science) is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. One well known subject classification system for computer science is the ACM Computing Classification System devised by the Association for Computing Machinery .
In cryptography, a round or round function is a basic transformation that is repeated multiple times inside the algorithm. Splitting a large algorithmic function into rounds simplifies both implementation and cryptanalysis .