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Dementia may occur when neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular pathologies are mixed, as in susceptible elderly people (75 years and older). [2] [5] Cognitive decline can be traced back to occurrence of successive strokes. [4] ICD-11 lists vascular dementia as dementia due to cerebrovascular disease. [1]
Posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), also called Benson's syndrome, is a rare form of dementia which is considered a visual variant or an atypical variant of Alzheimer's disease (AD). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The disease causes atrophy of the posterior part of the cerebral cortex , resulting in the progressive disruption of complex visual processing . [ 4 ]
Binswanger's disease, also known as subcortical leukoencephalopathy and subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy, [1] is a form of small-vessel vascular dementia caused by damage to the white brain matter. [2] White matter atrophy can be caused by many circumstances including chronic hypertension as well as old age. [3]
Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Brain atrophy can be classified into two main categories: generalized and focal atrophy. [2]
Psychoorganic syndrome (POS), also known as organic psychosyndrome, is a progressive disease comparable to presenile dementia.It consists of psychopathological complex of symptoms that are caused by organic brain disorders that involve a reduction in memory and intellect.
Diffuse Lewy body disease, dementia due to Lewy body disease: Microscopic image of a Lewy body (adjacent to arrowhead) in a neuron of the substantia nigra; scale bar=20 microns (0.02 mm) Specialty: Neurology, psychiatry: Symptoms: Dementia, abnormal behavior during REM sleep, fluctuations in alertness, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism [1 ...
The dementia [2] is more severe in patients with early onset of Huntington's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterised by features of dementia in older age. [3] [4] The adult type "leukodystrophy" also causes subcortical dementia with prominent frontal lobe features.
Amnesia is a deficit in memory caused by brain damage or brain diseases, [1] but it can also be temporarily caused by the use of various sedative and hypnotic drugs. The memory can be either wholly or partially lost due to the extent of damage that is caused. [2] There are two main types of amnesia: