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The Romanian alphabet is based on the Latin script with five additional letters Ă, Â, Î, Ș, Ț. Formerly, there were as many as 12 additional letters, but some of them were abolished in subsequent reforms. Also, until the early 20th century, a breve marker was used, which survives only in ă. Today the Romanian alphabet is largely phonemic.
The Romanian alphabet is a variant of the Latin alphabet used for writing the Romanian language.It is a modification of the classical Latin alphabet and consists of 31 letters, [1] [2] five of which (Ă, Â, Î, Ș, and Ț) have been modified from their Latin originals for the phonetic requirements of the language.
Romanian is taught in 13 schools in the Belgian cities of: Brussels, Liège and Mons. [10]Romanian is taught in two schools in the Irish capital Dublin. [11]Romanian is taught in 228 schools in the Italian regions of: Abruzzo, Apulia, Emilia-Romagna, Campania, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Lazio, Lombardy, Marche, Molise, Piedmont, Sardinia, Sicily, Trento, Tuscany, Umbria and Veneto.
The Romanian language has developed some peculiar argots and speech forms. One example is the Gumuțeasca, spoken by the people of the commune of Mărgău so outsiders could not understand them on their way to bigger cities to sell their traditional glass products. It has thousands of words and a rich vocabulary that differs greatly from Romanian.
For example, the centralised vowel phonemes of several varieties of Vlax and Xaladitka, when they are indicated separately from the non-centralised vowels, can be represented using ə, ъ or ă. [4] Another particularly variant area is the representation of palatalised consonants , which are absent from a number of dialects.
Since 1994 ch and ll have been treated as letter pairs for collation purposes, though they remained a part of the alphabet until 2010. Words with ch are now alphabetically sorted between those with cg and ci , instead of following cz as they used to. The situation is similar for ll . [250] [251]
Parts of speech such as adjectives and the article, when they function as attributes before a word, distinguish only between a nominative and an indirect/oblique case form. [67] In the Early Romani system that most varieties preserve, declinable adjectives had nominative endings similar to the nouns ending in -o (masculine -o , feminine -i ...
Ethnic composition of Romania. Localities with a Hungarian majority or plurality are shown in dark green. After the fall of Romania's communist government in 1989, the various minority languages have received more rights, and Romania currently has extensive laws relating to the rights of minorities to use their own language in local administration and the judicial system.