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This line attempts to display the non-random component of the association between the variables in a 2D scatter plot. Smoothing attempts to separate the non-random behaviour in the data from the random fluctuations, removing or reducing these fluctuations, and allows prediction of the response based value of the explanatory variable .
A scatter plot, also called a scatterplot, scatter graph, scatter chart, scattergram, or scatter diagram, [2] is a type of plot or mathematical diagram using Cartesian coordinates to display values for typically two variables for a set of data. If the points are coded (color/shape/size), one additional variable can be displayed.
A best-fit line chart (simple linear regression) A parody line graph (1919) by William Addison Dwiggins. Charts often include an overlaid mathematical function depicting the best-fit trend of the scattered data. This layer is referred to as a best-fit layer and the graph containing this layer is often referred to as a line graph.
Curve fitting [1] [2] is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has the best fit to a series of data points, [3] possibly subject to constraints. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Curve fitting can involve either interpolation , [ 6 ] [ 7 ] where an exact fit to the data is required, or smoothing , [ 8 ] [ 9 ] in which a "smooth ...
It assumes a linear relationship between the variables and is sensitive to outliers. The best-fitting linear equation is often represented as a straight line to minimize the difference between the predicted values from the equation and the actual observed values of the dependent variable. Schematic of a scatterplot with simple line regression
The Theil–Sen estimator is a simple robust estimation technique that chooses the slope of the fit line to be the median of the slopes of the lines through pairs of sample points. It has similar statistical efficiency properties to simple linear regression but is much less sensitive to outliers .
Deming regression (total least squares) also finds a line that fits a set of two-dimensional sample points, but (unlike ordinary least squares, least absolute deviations, and median slope regression) it is not really an instance of simple linear regression, because it does not separate the coordinates into one dependent and one independent ...
An illustrative plot of a fit to data (green curve in top panel, data in red) plus a plot of residuals: red points in bottom plot. Dashed curve in bottom panel is a straight line fit to the residuals. If the functional form is correct then there should be little or no trend to the residuals - as seen here.