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A fracture critical bridge is a bridge or similar span that is vulnerable to collapse of one or more spans as a result of the failure in tension of a single element. While a fracture critical design is not considered unsafe, it is subject to special inspection requirements that focus on the tension elements of its structure.
CRITICAL CONDITION - advanced deterioration of primary structural elements. Fatigue cracks in steel or shear cracks in concrete may be present or scour may have removed substructure support. Unless the bridge is closely monitored, it may be necessary to close the bridge until corrective action is taken.
Concrete fracture analysis is part of fracture mechanics that studies crack propagation and related failure modes in concrete. [17] As it is widely used in construction, fracture analysis and modes of reinforcement are an important part of the study of concrete, and different concretes are characterized in part by their fracture properties. [ 18 ]
Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA) is a procedure by which the safety of a welded structure with defects or flaws can be determined. ECAs utilize the material properties and expected stress history to determine a flaw acceptance criteria which will ensure that welds will not fail during the construction or service life of the welded structure. [1]
The Mode I critical stress intensity factor, , is the most often used engineering design parameter in fracture mechanics and hence must be understood if we are to design fracture tolerant materials used in bridges, buildings, aircraft, or even bells.
Structural fracture mechanics is the field of structural engineering concerned with the study of load-carrying structures that includes one or several failed or damaged components.
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Critical strain rates Metal-environment system Critical strain rate, s −1; Aluminium alloys - aqueous chloride solutions: 10 −4 to 10 −7: Copper alloys - ammonia/nitrite solutions: 10 −6: Titanium alloys - chloride solutions: 10 −5: Steels - solutions of carbonates, hydroxides, or nitrates, or liquid ammonia: 10 −6: Magnesium alloys ...