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A Chinese amah (right) with a woman and her three children Joanna de Silva Two ayahs in British India with their charges. An amah (Portuguese: ama, German: Amme, Medieval Latin: amma, simplified Chinese: 阿妈; traditional Chinese: 阿 媽; pinyin: ā mā; Wade–Giles: a¹ ma¹) or ayah (Portuguese: aia, Latin: avia, Tagalog: yaya) is a girl or woman employed by a family to clean, look after ...
Zenana (Persian: زنانه, "of the women" or "pertaining to women"; [1] Urdu: زنانہ; Bengali: জেনানা; Hindi: ज़नाना) is the part of a house belonging to a Muslim family in the Indian subcontinent, which is reserved for the women of the household. [2]
In India, a devadasi is a female artist who is dedicated to the worship and service of a deity or a temple for the rest of her life. [3] [4] The dedication takes place in a ceremony that is somewhat similar to a marriage ceremony.
Male, female and hijra public toilets in India. Most hijras live at the margins of society with very low status; the very word "hijra" is sometimes used in a derogatory manner. The Indian lawyer and author Rajesh Talwar has written a book, titled The Third Sex and Human Rights, highlighting the human rights abuses suffered by the community. [49]
A male figure comparable to the courtesan was the Italian cicisbeo, the French chevalier servant, the Spanish cortejo or estrecho. The courtesans of East Asia, particularly those of the Japanese empire , held a different social role than that of their European counterparts.
Wallah, -walla, -wala, or -vala (-wali fem.), is a suffix used in a number of Indo-Aryan languages, like Hindi/Urdu, Gujarati, Bengali or Marathi.It forms an adjectival compound from a noun or an agent noun from a verb. [1]
Today, the term is used as a way to respectfully address women of any social rank. "Khanum" can be understood as equivalent of "madam", or more colloquially, "ma'am" in some Ottoman and Turkic influenced countries.
The Legend of Churel supposedly originated from Persia where they were described as being the spirits of women who died with "grossly unsatisfied desires". [4]In South-East Asia, the Churel is the ghost of a woman who either died during childbirth, while she was pregnant, or during the prescribed "period of impurity".