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Malathion is an organophosphate insecticide which acts as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. In the USSR , it was known as carbophos , in New Zealand and Australia as maldison and in South Africa as mercaptothion .
The 2024 IRAC poster of insecticide modes of action includes the majority of chemicals listed below. [5] The pesticide manual provides much information on pesticides. [6] [7] Many of the insecticides in the list are not in use.
Azinphos-methyl is a neurotoxin derived from nerve agents developed during World War II. [4] It was first registered in the US in 1959 as an insecticide and is also used as active ingredient in organophosphate (OP) pesticides. [6]
Variants with P=S double bonds were developed as insecticides because of their reduced mammalian toxicity. The phosphorothioate P=S bond is converted to the toxic P=O bond in the target insect. Similar oxidative conversion in mammals is slower, conferring lower toxicity in mammals.
The control measures used have included a wide range of pesticides, including calcium arsenate, DDT, toxaphene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, heptachlor, malathion, and parathion. In 1958, the National Cotton Council garnered the Congressional support to create the USDA Boll Weevil Research Lab. Status of the program in 2006
The global bio-insecticide market was estimated to be less than 10% of the total insecticide market. [45] The bio-insecticide market is dominated by microbials. [ 46 ] The bio-insecticide market is growing more that 10% yearly, which is a higher growth than the total insecticide market, mainly due to the increase in organic farming and IPM ...
Dimethoate is a widely used organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It was patented and introduced in the 1950s by American Cyanamid. Like other organophosphates, dimethoate is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor which disables cholinesterase, an enzyme essential for central nervous system function. It acts both by contact and through ingestion.
Carbophenothion is used as an insecticide and acaricide, which main use is to protect citrus fruit, but it is also used to protect cotton against aphids (plant lice) and spider mites. Furthermore, it is used in combination with petroleum as well to function as a pesticide against numerous other pests on fruits, nuts, vegetables, sorghum , maize ...