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This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name. More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts.
Returned photographs of Mars during flyby. Proton-K/D: 19 Mars 5: Mars 5 (3MS No.53S) 25 July 1973 Soviet Union: Orbiter Successful Contact lost after 9 days in Mars orbit. Returned 180 frames Proton-K/D: 20 Mars 6: Mars 6 (3MP No.50P) 5 August 1973 Soviet Union: Flyby Successful Flyby bus collected data. [16] Proton-K/D: Mars 6 lander Lander ...
List of sub-landers onboard Mars landers S.No Sub-Landers Type Lander Slot Launch Date Mass (kg) Status References 1. PrOP-M: Rover Mars 2 19 May 1971 4.5 Failure [3] [4] 2. PrOP-M: Rover Mars 3 28 May 1971 4.5 Not deployed [4] [5] 3. Mars 96: Penetrator Mars 96 16 Nov 1996 88 Failure [11] 4. Deep Space 2: Penetrator Mars Polar Lander 03 Jan ...
Meanwhile, the uncrewed exploration of Mars has been a goal of national space programs for decades, and was first achieved in 1965 with the Mariner 4 flyby. Human missions to Mars have been part of science fiction since the 1880s, and more broadly, in fiction, Mars is a frequent target of exploration and settlement in books, graphic novels, and ...
This is a list of all spacecraft landings on other planets and bodies in the Solar System, including soft landings and both intended and unintended hard impacts.The list includes orbiters that were intentionally crashed, but not orbiters which later crashed in an unplanned manner due to orbital decay.
After the name, denotes those who died during a subsequent spaceflight. [nb 1] ⊗ After the name, denotes those whose first spaceflight had begun and was clearly intended [nb 2] to cross 100 km (62 mi), but failed to do so. Linked country In the 'Nationality' column, denotes the first from that country to pass 100 km (62 mi). [nb 3] Unlinked name
Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 ...
K. Megan McArthur Akihiko Hoshide Thomas Pesquet [d] 23 April 2021 09:49:02 SpaceX Crew-2: Anton Shkaplerov: 5 October 2021 08:55:02 Soyuz MS-19: 66: R. Shane Kimbrough K. Megan McArthur Akihiko Hoshide Thomas Pesquet [d] Transferred from Expedition 65 8 November 2021 19:05 SpaceX Crew-2: 199 Anton Shkaplerov [34] 30 March 2022 07:21:03 Soyuz ...