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Current and past writing systems for Vietnamese in the Vietnamese alphabet and in chữ Hán Nôm. Spoken and written Vietnamese today uses the Latin script-based Vietnamese alphabet to represent native Vietnamese words (thuần Việt), Vietnamese words which are of Chinese origin (Hán-Việt, or Sino-Vietnamese), and other foreign loanwords.
Before Rhodes's work, traditional Vietnamese dictionaries showed the correspondences between Chinese characters and Vietnamese chữ Nôm script. [1] From the 17th century, Western missionaries started to devise a romanization system that represented the Vietnamese language to facilitate the propagation of the Christian faith, which culminated in the Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et ...
Yogurt in Vietnamese is "sữa chua" (lit. "sour milk"), but it is also calqued from French (yaourt) into Vietnamese (da ua - /j/a ua). "Phô mai" (cheese) is from the French fromage. Musical note was borrowed into Vietnamese as "nốt" or "nốt nhạc", from the French note de musique. The Vietnamese term for steering wheel is "vô lăng", a ...
The Vietnamese alphabet (Vietnamese: chữ Quốc ngữ, lit. ' script of the National language ' , IPA: [ t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ kuək̚˧˦ ŋɨ˦ˀ˥ ] ) is the modern writing script for Vietnamese . It uses the Latin script based on Romance languages [6] originally developed by Portuguese missionary Francisco de Pina (1585–1625).
It was an adoption of the Portuguese tilde, and should not be confused with the tone mark ngã, which is encoded as a tilde in Unicode (and in Vietnamese derivatives of ISO-8859-1 such as VISCII, VPS or Windows-1258), despite actually being an adoption of the Greek perispomeni. [2] [4] Apex is the name used in contemporary Latin texts.
Chữ Nôm (𡨸喃, IPA: [t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧]) [5] is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language.It uses Chinese characters to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. [6]
Writing first appeared in the Near East at the beginning of the 3rd millennium BC. [citation needed] A very limited number of languages are attested in the area from before the Bronze Age collapse and the rise of alphabetic writing: the Sumerian, Hattic and Elamite language isolates, Hurrian from the small Hurro-Urartian family,
Vietnamese uses 22 letters of the ISO basic Latin alphabet.The 4 remaining letters aren't considered part of the Vietnamese alphabet although they are used to write loanwords, languages of other ethnic groups in the country based on Vietnamese phonetics to differentiate the meanings or even Vietnamese dialects, for example: dz or z for southerner pronunciation of v in standard Vietnamese.