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  2. Piri Reis map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piri_Reis_map

    Hapgood mistakenly believed that Antarctica had been free of ice in 17,000 BC and partially ice-free as late as 4,000 BC. [109] This erroneous date range could have put the mapping of Antarctica contemporary with many known prehistoric societies. More recent ice core data shows that Antarctica was last free of ice over ten million years ago. [110]

  3. Charles Hapgood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Hapgood

    He concludes that "Antarctica was mapped when these parts were free of ice" and took the view that an Antarctic warm period coincided with the last ice age in the Northern hemisphere and that the Piri Reis and other maps were based on "ancient" maps derived from ice-age originals. [3] Later research concerning the paleoclimatology and ice ...

  4. List of paleocontinents - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_paleocontinents

    [2] Avalonia: Cambrian Continent Rifted off northern Gondwana in the Cambrian, eventually colliding with Laurentia and Baltica in the Caledonian Orogeny to form Laurussia. [9] Baltica: 2000 Paleoproterozoic Continent Formed from three cratonic fragments - the Baltic Shield, Sarmatia and Volgo–Uralia. Formed part of Columbia, then Rodinia and ...

  5. History of Antarctica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Antarctica

    (The Endurance trapped in pack ice.) The Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition of 1914–1917 was led by Ernest Shackleton and set out to cross the continent via the South pole. However, their ship, the Endurance, was trapped and crushed by pack ice in the Weddell Sea before they were able to land.

  6. Geology of Antarctica - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geology_of_Antarctica

    The frozen continent of Antarctica was the last continent humanity set foot on. The first documented landings made below the Antarctic Circle took place in 1820, when Admiral Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen and the crew of the Vostok and Mirny, as part of the Russian Antarctic Expedition, made land at Peter I Island and Alexander Island.

  7. Early world maps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_world_maps

    The Caverio Map, also known as the Caveri Map or Canerio Map, is a map drawn by Nicolay de Caveri, c. 1505. It is hand drawn on parchment and coloured, being composed of ten sections or panels, measuring 2.25 by 1.15 metres (7.4 by 3.8 ft).

  8. Aristotle Mountains - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aristotle_Mountains

    Aristotle Mountains is the fan-shaped sequence of ridges spreading east-northeastwards from its summit Madrid Dome (1647 m) on Oscar II Coast in Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsula. The feature is named after the ancient Greek scientist Aristotle who in his book Meteorology dated c. 350 BC was the first to conjecture the existence of a ...

  9. Snow Hill Island Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_Hill_Island_Formation

    The Snow Hill Island Formation is an Early Maastrichtian geologic formation found on James Ross Island, James Ross Island group, Antarctica. [1] Remains of a paravian theropod Imperobator antarcticus [2] have been recovered from it, as well as the elasmarian ornithopods Trinisaura santamartaensis, "Biscoveosaurus" and Morrosaurus antarcticus, the ankylosaurian Antarctopelta oliveroi, and the ...