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The Klaipėda Revolt was the last armed conflict in Lithuania before World War II. [108] The Second Seimas of Lithuania, elected in May 1923, was the only Seimas in independent Lithuania that served its full term. The Seimas continued the land reform, introduced social support systems, and started repaying foreign debt.
This is a list of wars, armed conflicts and rebellions involving Lithuania throughout its history as a kingdom (1251–1263), grand duchy (1236–1251; 1263–1795, although part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during 1569–1795) and a modern republic (1918–1940; 1990 – present), including as well the uprisings of the 19th and 20th centuries to recreate Lithuanian statehood.
Lithuania, [b] officially the Republic of Lithuania, [c] is a country in the Baltic region of Europe. [d] It is one of three Baltic states and lies on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea, bordered by Latvia to the north, Belarus to the east and south, Poland to the south, and the Russian semi-exclave of Kaliningrad Oblast to the southwest, with a maritime border with Sweden to the west.
The Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, [b] formally known as the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania [c] and also referred to as Poland–Lithuania or the First Polish Republic, [d] [9] [10] was a federative real union [11] between the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, existing from 1569 to 1795.
It is a history of the culture of Lithuania and the first printed historical work in Lithuanian. The second half of the 19th century The transitional area between ethnic Lithuania and ethnic Belarusia (in which are the two biggest cities of the former G.D.L., Vilnius and Grodna, lie) became Polish.
Before World War II, about 7.5% of the population was Jewish [citation needed]; they were concentrated in cities and towns and had a significant influence on crafts and business. They were called Litvaks and had a strong culture. The population of Vilnius, which was sometimes nicknamed the northern Jerusalem, was about 30% Jewish.
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania was a sovereign state in northeastern Europe that existed from the 13th century, [5] succeeding the Kingdom of Lithuania, to the late 18th century, [6] when the territory was suppressed during the 1795 partitions of Poland–Lithuania.
As World War II neared its end in 1944 and the Nazis retreated, the Soviet Union reoccupied Lithuania. On March 11, 1990, Lithuania became the first Baltic republic to declare its renewed independence. Lithuania became a full member of the Schengen Agreement on 21 December 2007. It is a member of EU, NATO and OECD.